There are several "metroidvania-likes" in the App Store, but the one I think comes closest is Vergence. The gameplay is slower (intentionally so), but it has many of the other hallmarks of the genre, including a large world that opens up as you gain new abilities.
Did a quick search myself. Here's a quick list to get things started: Ark of Sinners Grokion (pulled I think but keep an eye out for it) J-Werewolf (Originally called "Mystery of the Japanese Werewolf") Megatroid Dark Incursion Shantae: Risky's Revenge Lemegeton Robot Wants Kitty The Deep